Medical Conditions that could Contribute to the Incidence of Transport-Related Problem Behaviours in Equids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12970/2310-0796.2020.08.02Keywords:
Horse, transport, problem behaviour, neuropathic pain, palatal instability.Abstract
There had been a number of studies into the various types and incidence of transport-related problem behaviours in equids. Inadequate or poorly executed training was one of several human factors that were seen to contribute to these behaviours. Driver attention, distance travelled, animal orientation and vehicle type were others. What had not been investigated was the possibility that certain medical conditions could contribute to the incidence of these problem behaviours. The impact of medical conditions involving neuropathic pain and others where a history of upper airways instability was evident were discussed. The importance of acquiring a full history encompassing all incidents of altered behaviour and not just those directly associated with vehicular travel was emphasised. With medical conditions that had associated altered behaviours there were quite often a cluster of these behaviours which could include elements of transport-related problem behaviours.
References
Miller RM. Behavior of the horse.1. The ten behavioralcharacteristics unique to the horse. J Equine Vet Sci 1995; 15(1): 13-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80563-6
Miller RM. Behavior of the horse - Flight. J Equine Vet Sci 1995; 15(2): 55-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80510-7
Miller RM. The unique perceptivity of the horse. Flight J Equine Vet Sci 1995; 15(5): 220-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80460-6
Waran N, Leadon D, Frien T. The effects of transportation on the welfare of horses. In. The Welfare of Horses, Springer, Dordrecht 2007.
Weeks CA, McGreevy P, Waran NK. Welfare issues related to transport and handling of both trained and unhandled horses and ponies. Equine Vet Edu 2012; 24(8): 423-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00293.x
Riley CB, Noble BR, Bridges J, Hazel SJ, Thompson K. Horse Injury during Non-Commercial Transport: Findings from Researcher-Assisted Intercept Surveys at Southeastern Australian Equestrian Events. Animals 2016; 6(11): 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6110065
Riley BC. Mechanical & behavioral responses of horses during non-commercial trailer transport a pilot study. In: 42nd Animal Transport Association Conference, Lisbon 2016.
Lee J, Houpt K, Doherty O. A survey of trailering problems in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2001; 21: 235-238. https://doi:10.1016/S0737-0806(01)70042-1
Zancock E, Pearson E. A pilot study investigating the prevalence of loading problems at an equine referral hospital. In Proc.10th International Equitation Science Conference (Denmark) 2014; 76.
Padalino B, Henshall C, Raidal SL, Knight P, Celi P, Jeffcott L, Muscatello G. Investigations into equine transport-related problem behaviors: Survey results. J Equine Vet Sci 2017; 48: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.001
Padalino B, Rogers CW, Guiver D, Bridges JP, Riley CB. Risk Factors for Transport-Related Problem Behaviors in Horses: A New Zealand Survey. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8(8): 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8080134
Hendriksen P, Elmgreen K, Ladewig J. Trailer-loading of horses: Is there a difference between positive and negative reinforcement concerning effectiveness and stress-related signs? J Vet Behav 2011; 6(5): 261-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2011.02.007
Ferguson DL, Rosales-Ruiz J. Loading the problem loader: the effects of target training and shaping on trailer-loading behavior of horses. J Appl Behave Anal 2001; 34(4): 409- 423. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2001.34-409
York A, Matusiewicz J, Padalino B. How to minimise the incidence of transport-related problem behaviours in horses: a review. J Equine Sci 2017; 28(3): 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.28.67
Raidal SL, Love DN, Bailey GD. Inflammation and increased numbers of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of horses within 6 to 12 hours of confinement with the head elevated. Aust Vet J 1995; 72(2): 45-50. https://doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb15328.x
Padalino B, Hall E, Raidal S, Celi P, Knight P, Jeffcott L, Moscatello G. Health Problems and Risk Factors Associated with Long Haul Transport of Horses in Australia. Animals (Basel) 2015; 5(4): 1296-1310. https://doi:10.3390/ani5040412
Ahern TJ. Pain of spinal origin (PSO). Centaur 1992; IX: 6- 17.
Ahern TJ. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS), complex regional pain syndrome-type 1 (CRPS 1), neuropathic pain: An equine perspective. J Equine Vet Sci 1996; 16(11): 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(96)80074-8
Ahern TJ. Laminar corial hyperaesthesia in chronic forelimb lameness. J Equine Vet Sci 1995; 15(11): 460-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81811-3
Allen K, Franklin S. Characteristics of palatal instability in Thoroughbred racehorses and their association with the development of dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Equine Vet J 2013; 45(4): 454-9. https://doi:10.1111/evj.12004
Barakzai SZ, Hawkes CS. Dorsal displacement of the soft palate and palatal instability. Equine Vet Edu 2010; 22(5): 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00060.x
Ahern TJ. Cervical vertebral mobilisation under anaesthetic (CVMUA) a physical therapy for the treatment of cervicospinal pain and stiffness. J. Equine Vet Sci 1994; 14(10): 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81638-2
Ahern T. Cervical vertebral mobilisation under anaesthetic CVMUA: An update. World J Vet Sci 2019; 7: 24-26. https://doi.org/10.12970/2310-0796.2019.07.05
Ahern T. The modified oral plalatopharyngoplasty or modified Ahern procedure. World J Vet Sci 2018; 6: 33-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12970/2310-0796.2018.06.01
Ahern T. Acquired Pharyngeal Dysfunction (APD). J Equine Vet Sci 1993; 13(3): 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80056-6