Current Aspects of Hepatic Lipotoxicity in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12970/2308-8044.2020.08.09Keywords:
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, Metabolic steatohepatitis, Liver fibrosis, Adipose tissue, Hepatic Lipotoxicity.Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing health problem affecting 20 to 30% of the global population, due to its strong association with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolic steatohepatitis and its progression to cirrhosis is the second cause of chronic liver disease in the world. Hence, early identification of this inflammatory state and understanding of the pathogenesis, will help to focus and treat an early state of this disease. Several factors contribute to the inflammation of the liver and the development of steatohepatitis among them insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and bile acid toxicity. Adipose tissue (AT) and lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development and persistence of inflammation in MAFLD, by the alterations of the balance of adipokines in an insulin resistant AT, the secretion and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and the consequent oxidative stress, as well as the secretion of free oxygen reactive species. A good understanding of the hepatic lipotoxicity and the role of the AT will help us to work out for the development of new strategies for treating this disease.References
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