A Critical Analysis of the Association between Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Human Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic compounds predominantly of human design that are capable of causing interference in the hormonal functions of living organisms. They have the potential for causing adverse effects on the metabolic, cardiovascular, neurologic, immunologic, hematologic, and reproductive systems in the human body. Early exposure can impact growth and development and alter susceptibility to disease that may be pervasive and immutable. Reduction or augmentation of hormone action at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level can occur, leading to interference with signaling and feedback loops. EDCs can impact the production, secretion, transportation, action, or elimination of hormones. The endocrine system may be affected by EDCs from pesticides, plastic components, food additives, preservatives, soaps, detergents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and even health supplements. These chemicals may gain entry into the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or absorption through the skin and mucous membranes. Metabolic disorders thought to be linked to EDC exposure include brain neurotransmitter dysfunction, appetite dysregulation, weight gain, obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Assessment and recommendations from the manufacturing industry, regulatory agencies, and the scientific community are ongoing in an effort to further understand and possibly mitigate the adverse consequences of EDC exposure. Further research is imperative to gain insight into the impact of EDCs on human health. A brief review of the metabolic and endocrine target systems thought to be affected by these chemicals as they have made their way into the everyday fabric of human society over the past century is given.