Lipid Replacement Therapy: Is it a New Approach in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Authors

  • Elisabetta Borella Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy and Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
  • Eitan Israeli Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
  • Yehuda Shoenfeld Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12970/2310-9874.2014.02.01.5

Keywords:

 Lipid replacement therapy, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial damage, Cancer, Phosphatidylcoline.

Abstract

Lipid replacement therapy (LRT) is an anti-aging product which reverses age-related changes in the lipid composition of organ and tissue cells. Since membrane lipids oxidation seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), their substitution with new lipids coming from dietary supplements is speculated to be effective in CFS. We have analyzed some of the most recent articles about the effects of LRT in fatigue, showing the evidences supporting this theory as well as alluding to the weak points of the studies.

References

Barenholz Y, Yechiel E. Lipid replacement therapy. U.S. Patent. 4812314. 1989 Mar 14.

Yechiel E, Barenholz Y. Cultured heart cell reaggregates: a model for studying relationships between aging and lipid composition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 859: 105-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(86)90323-8

Yechiel E, Barenholz Y. Relationships between membrane lipid composition and biological properties of rat myocytes. effects of aging and manipulation of lipid composition. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 9123-31.

Yechiel E, Henis YI, Barenholz Y. Aging of rat heart fibroblasts: Relationship between lipid composition, membrane organization and biological properties. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 859: 95-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(86)90322-6

Nicolson GL. Lipid replacement as an adjunct to therapy for chronic fatigue, anti-aging and restoration of mitochondrial function. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2003; 6: 22-8.

Hamilton JA. Fatty acid transport: Difficult or easy? J Lipid Res 1998; 39: 467-81.

Fellmann P, Herve P, Pomorski T, et al. Transmembrane movement of diether phospholipids in human erythrocytes and human fibroblasts. Biochemistry 2000; 39: 4994-5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi992649q

Mansbach CM, Dowell R. Effect of increasing lipid loads on the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum to transport lipid to the golgi. J Lipid Res 2000; 41: 605-12.

Seidman MD, Khan MJ, Tang WX, Quirk WS. Influence of lecithin on mitochondrial DNA and age-related hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 127: 138-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.127627

Appel S, Chapman J, Shoenfeld Y. Infection and vaccination in chronic fatigue syndrome: myth or reality? Autoimmunity 2007; 40: 48-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916930701197273

Manuel y Keenoy B, Moorkens G, Vertommen J, De Leeuw I. Antioxidant status and lipoprotein peroxidation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Life Sci 2001; 68: 2037-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01001-3

Richards RS, Roberts TK, McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Butt HL. Blood parameters indicative of oxidative stress are associated with symptom expression in chronic fatigue syndrome. Redox Rep 2000; 5: 35-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/rer.2000.5.1.35

Pall ML. Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2000; 54: 115-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1998.0825

Radi R, Rodriguez M, Castro L, Telleri R. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 308: 89-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1013

Agadjanyan M, Vasilevko V, Ghochikyan A, et al. Nutritional supplement (NT factor™) restores mitochondrial function and reduces moderately severe fatigue in aged subjects. J Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 2003; 11: 23-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v11n03_03

Nicolson GL, Ellithorpe RR, Ayson-Mitchell C, Jacques B, Settineri R. Lipid replacement therapy with a glycophospholipid-antioxidant-vitamin formulation significantly reduces fatigue within one week. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2010; 13: 10-14.

Ellithorpe RR, Settineri R, Nicolson GL. Pilot study: reduction of fatigue by use of a dietary supplement containing glycophospholipids. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2003; 6: 23-8.

Colodny L, Farber C, Papish S, et al. Results of a study to evaluate the use of propax to reduce adverse effects of chemotherapy. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2000; 3: 17-25.

Ellithorpe RR, Mitchell CA, Settineri R, Nicolson GL. Lipid replacement therapy drink containing a glycophospholipid formulation rapidly and significantly reduces fatigue while improving energy and mental clarity. Funct Food Health Dis 2011; 8: 245-54.

Nicolson GL, Settineri R, Ellithorpe R. Lipid replacement therapy with a glycophospholipid formulation with NADH and CoQ10 significantly reduces fatigue in intractable chronic fatiguing illnesses and chronic lyme disease patients. Int J Clin Med 2012; 3: 163-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2012.33034

Nicolson GL, Settineri R. Lipid replacement therapy: a functional food approach with new formulations for reducing cellular oxidative damage, cancer-associated fatigue and the adverse effects of cancer therapy. Funct Food Health Dis 2011; 4: 135-60.

Nicolson GL. Lipid replacement therapy: a nutraceutical approach for reducing cancer-associated fatigue and the adverse effects of cancer therapy while restoring mitochondrial function. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29: 543-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-010-9245-0

Nicolson GL, Conklin KA. Reversing mitochondrial dysfunction, fatigue and the adverse effects of chemotherapy of metastatic disease by molecular replacement therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25: 161-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10585-007-9129-z

Nicolson GL. Lipid replacement/antioxidant therapy as an adjunct supplement to reduce the adverse effects of cancer therapy and restore mitochondrial function. Pathol Oncol Res 2005; 11: 139-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02893390

Yancey JR, Thomas SM. Chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician 2012; 86: 741-6.

Piper BF. Piper fatigue scale available for clinical testing. Oncol Nurs Forum 1990; 17: 661-2.

Berquin IM, Edwards IJ, Kridel SJ, Chen YQ. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in prostate cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2011; 30: 295-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9299-7

Querfeld U. Vitamin D and inflammation. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28: 605-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2377-4

Jostin L. Cargo Cult Science and NT Factor®. 2010. http://www.genetic-inference.co.uk/blog/2010/01/cargo-cult-science-and-nt-factor/

Segna R, Rosenblatt S, Jimenez A. Lipid replacement therapy for cancer fatigue, hormone dysfunction, and gut inflammation. Focus Allergy Research Group 2012: 11-12. http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1y5jw/FocusAllergyResearch/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.it%2F

Downloads

Published

2014-04-05

Issue

Section

Articles