Letter to the Editor: Treatment of Gonorrhea in Russia: Recent History
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12970/2310-998X.2016.04.01.1Keywords:
Gonorrhea, sexually transmitted infections, sexual coercion, medical ethics.Abstract
The recent history of gonorrhea treatment in Russia is discussed here after three case histories. Some outdated methods of topical treatment and provocation, not used in other countries, are described. Being informed of the lengthy and unpleasant treatment, high-risk groups avoided the prevention and treatment centers (so-called dermato-venerological dispensaries) and practiced self-treatment, which contributed to the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Today there are grounds for optimism: diagnostics and treatment of STI are being adjusted to the international standards. In conclusion, the antimicrobial resistance of N. gonorrhoeae is briefly discussed.
References
Jargin SV. About the treatment of gonorrhea in the former Soviet Union. Dermatol Pract Concept 2012; 2(3): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5826/dpc.0203a12
Jargin SV. Memoirs, Articles, Documents. Bloggingbooks, 2015. ISBN: 978-3-8417-7193-3.
Muzhanovskii EB, Fartushnyi AF, Sukhin AP, Sadov AI. The detection of abortion agents in biological material. Sud Med Ekspert 1992; 35(1): 24-8.
Jargin SV. Reliability of surveys on alcohol consumption, sexual coercion and contraception. J Addiction Prevention 2016; 4(2): 5.
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Treatment and prevention of gonorrhea. Methodical recommendations. Moscow 1993.
Ministry of Health of the USSR. Instruction for treatment and prevention of gonorrhea. Moscow 1988.
Ministry of Health of the USSR. Instructions and treatment scheme of gonorrhea. Moscow 1963.
Mavrov II. Treatment and prevention of the gonococcal infection. Kiev: Zdorov'ia 1984.
Turanova EN, Chastikova AV, Antonova NV. Gonorrhea in women. Moscow: Meditsina 1983.
Timoshenko LV. Practical gynecology. Kiev: Zdorov’ia, 1998.
Ziganshin OR, Shopova EN, Kovalev IuN, Dolgushin II, Bezpal'ko IuV. Gonococcal infetction. Cheliabinsk: Medical Academy 2010.
Zudin BI, Kochergin NG, Zudin AB. Skin and venereal diseases. 2nd edition. Moscow: Geotar-Media 2013.
Drangoi MG, Eliseev IuIu. Sexually transmitted diseases. Moscow: Eksmo 2009.
Stepanenko VI, Kolyadenko VG. A new provocative test in gonorrhea. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1991; (2): 21-4.
Anton'ev AA, Belova-Rakhimova LV, Kleinberg LM, Khalilov AKh. About treatment of chronic urethritis in men. In Glavinskaia TA, Ed. Gonococcal and non-gonococcal deseases of the urogenital system. Institute of Dermatology and Venerology: Gorki 1988; pp. 55-56.
Anton'ev AA, Belova-Rakhimova LV, Kleinberg LM, Khalilov AKh. Medicinal plants and their preparations in the combined treatment of chronic urethritis in men. In Glavinskaia TA, Ed. Gonococcal and non-gonococcal deseases of the urogenital system. Institute of Dermatology and Venerology: Gorki 1988; pp. 56-58.
Batkaev EA. Gonorrhea in women. Moscow: Central Institute for Postgraduate Education in Medicine 1986.
Kuntsevich LD, Golubinskaia MV. Value of instrument examination in topical diagnosis of gonorrhea in women. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1983; (11): 72-5.
Petchenko AI. Gynecology. Kiev, Zdorov’ia 1965.
Mazhbits AM. Gonorrhea in womwn and its complications. Moscow: Meditsina 1968.
Jargin SV. Ichthammol and tar (Vishnevsky liniment): on the perspectives of application. CMAJ eLetter September 2, 2014. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/170/13/1933/reply (accessed October 11, 2016).
Khait BM. Cryotherapy in the treatment of benign diseases of the cervix uteri. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1991; (4): 56-7.
Zuev VM. Use of the CO2-laser for treating benign cervix diseases. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1985; (6): 69-71.
Sivochalova OV. Cervix erosion. Feldsher Akush 1984; (4): 21-4.
Abdushukurova KhM, Maidanik DI. Gynecology. Dushanbe: Maorif 1981.
Kiriushchenkov AP. Acute cervicitis and erosion of the cervix uteri. Feldsher Akush 1986; (12): 50-3.
Milianovskii AI, Senchuk AIa. Reproductive and menstrual functions in women after cryosurgical treatment of cervical diseases. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1990; (8): 40-2.
Machado Junior LC, Dalmaso AS, Carvalho HB. Evidence for benefits from treating cervical ectopy: literature review. Sao Paulo Med J 2008; 126: 132-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802008000200014
Lesiuk VS. On the problem of treatment of erosion of the cervix uteri and endocervicitis by different methods of heat coagulation. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1963; 39: 83-6.
Bokhman IaV. Prevention of cancer of uterine cervix and corpus. In All-Union Symposium “Early diagnostics, treatment of pretumorous and timorous diseases of the uterine cervix and dispensarization of the female population” (23-24 May 1985, Pskov). Leningrad, 1985; pp. 31-3.
Prilepskaya VN, Rudakova EB, Kononov AB. Ectopies and erosions of the uterine cervix. Moscow: MEDpress-inform 2002.
Kiriushchenkov AP. Chronic cervicitis and pseudoerosion of the cervix uteri. Feldsher Akush 1991; (8): 57-60.
Bychkov VI, Bykov EG, Bratus' AM. Complications and late results of the treatment of precancerous conditions of the cervix uteri by diathermic conization. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1990; (2): 61-2.
Ferenczy A., Winkler B. Anatomy and histology of the cervix. In: Kurman RJ, Ed. Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. 3rd edition. New York, Springer, 1987; pp. 141-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1942-0_5
Gurkin IuA. Adolescent gynecology. Manual for physicians. Sankt-Petersburg: Foliant 2000.
Bogdanova EA. Practical gynecology of the young. Moscow: MK 2011.
Kapkaev RA, Vaisov ASh. Syphilis and gonorrhea in women. Tashkent: Meditsina 1982.
Gomel V, Munro MG, Rowe TC. Gynecology. A practical approach. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1990.
Sweet RL, Gibbs RS. Infectious diseases of the female genital tract. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1985.
Berger RE. Sexually transmitted diseases: the classic diseases. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ, Eds. Campbell’s Urology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunder, 1998; pp. 663-83.
Tanagho EA, McAninch JW. Smiths Urologie. Berlin: Springer 1988.
Willcox RR. A survey of problems in the antibiotic treatment of gonorrhoea. With special reference to South-East Asia. Br J Vener Dis 1970; 46: 217-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.46.3.217
Welch RD, Fletcher DJ, Nelson JH, Blackwell M, Fergerson J. Current treatment 160 approaches for gonorrhea in men: two for the price of one. Mil Med 1984; 149: 404-7.
Bowie WR. Approach to men with urethritis and urologic complications of sexually transmitted diseases. Med Clin North Am 1990; 74: 1543-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30494-1
Carne CA. Epidemiological treatment and tests of cure in gonococcal infection: evidence for value. Genitourin Med 1997; 73: 12-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.1.12
World Health Organization. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and gonococcal infections. Technical report No. 616. Geneva: WHO 1978.
Walker TO. Management of acute gonorrhea in the Male. J Natl Med Assoc 1938; 30(2): 66-7.
Savelieva GM, Sukhih GT, Manukhina IB. Gynecology. National manual. Short edition. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media 2013.
Bodiazhina VI, Zhmakin KN. Gynecology. Tashkent: Meditsina 1984.
Jargin SV. Histopathological and cytological diagnostics: a view from Russia. Ger Med Sci 2010; 8: Doc04.
Syrjänen S, Shabalova IP, Petrovichev N, Kozachenko VP, Zakharova T, Pajanidi J, et al. Human papillomavirus testing and conventional pap smear cytology as optional screening tools of women at different risks for cervical cancer in the countries of the former Soviet Union. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2002; 6: 97-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00128360-200204000-00006
Sokolovsky EV, Savichev AM, Kisina VI, Potekaev NN, Domeika M. Gonococcal infection. Management of patients. Recommendations for Physicians. Saint-Petersburg: Foliant 2008.
Molochkov VA, Gushchin AE. Gonorrhea and Associated Infections. A Manual for Physicians. Moscow: Geotar-med 2006.
Kubanov A, Vorobyev D, Chestkov A, Leinsoo A, Shaskolskiy B, Dementieva E, Solomka V, Plakhova X, Gryadunov D, Deryabin D.Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Russia (Current Status, 2015). BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16: 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1688-7
Akimov VG, Skripkina IuK, Butov IuS, Ivanov OL. Dermatovenerology. National manual. Moscow: Geotar-Media 2014.
Rakhmatulina MR, Sokolovskii EV, Frigo NV. Federal clinical recommendations for the management of patients with gonococcal infection. Moscow: Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists 2013.
Samtsov AV, Barbinov VV. Dermatovenerology. Moscow: Geotar-Media 2016.
Lewis DA. Global resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: when theory becomes reality. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2014; 27(1): 62-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000025
Barbee LA. Preparing for an era of untreatable gonorrhea. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2014; 27(3): 282-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000058
News Release. Again antibiotics in milk. Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor), Kaluga Branch, 22.01.2016 http://www.rsn.kaluga.ru/news/2763/ (accessed October 11, 2016).
Malakhova LP. Products without secrets. Moscow: Eksmo 2012.
Onishchenko GG, Sheveleva SA, Khotimchenko SA. Hygienic substantiation of the permissible levels for tetracycline-group antibiotics in food. Gig Sanit 2012; (6): 4-14.
Wyrsch ER, Roy Chowdhury P, Chapman TA, Charles IG, Hammond JM, Djordjevic SP. Genomic microbial epidemiology is needed to comprehend the global problem of antibiotic resistance and to improve pathogen diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7: 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00843
WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Geneva: World Health Organization 2016.
